Absolute  volume

The absolute volume of the container when filled to the rim.

ACL

See Applied Ceramic Labeling

Amber glass

A brown-colored glass used principally for beer, medicine and liquor containers. The color decreases the effect of some forms of light which would be injurious to the contents of the container.

Annealing 

A controlled temperature process in which glass is gradually cooled in ovens or lehrs to avoid the creation of stresses and strains within the glass due to natural or uneven cooling. The annealing temperature in glass is about 1000 degrees F.

Applied Ceramic Labeling (ACL)

Colored lettering or design of a ceramic nature fused onto bottles. Employs screen printing to transfer glass frit (pow- dered glass colorant) to the surface of a bottle or glass container. The design is fired, heated in a lehr, and becomes permanently fused.

Bar top

A closure with a cork lower and a usually an upper made from plastic, metal or wood. It may also refer to the neck finish that matches this type of closure.

Batch 

The mixture of ingredients used to make the molten glass. The batch for soda lime glass consists primarily of silica sand, sodium carbonate (known as soda ash), calcium oxide (lime), magnesium oxide, and aluminum oxide.

Bevel

The sloping edge of a container or part. A bevel adds a short flat span at the junction of two sides of a container.

Bottle Decoration

All design aspects that are applied after the bottle itself has been produced. This includes coloration, frosting, decal baking, labeling, and any other modifications.  

Capsule

Pre-printed, heatshrink foil or plastic tube that fits over the neck of the bottle and closure and provides tamper evidence.

Ceramic heat transfer labeling

Similar to applied ceramic labeling, this is a process that uses a printed decal affixed to the surface of the glass. The glass is fired, heated in a lehr, and becomes permanently fused.

Choked Neck

A narrowed or constricted  opening in the neck of a container.

Closure 

Any structure or device designed to close off the opening of a container and prevent loss of its contents.

Cobalt Glass

A deep blue glass coloured by adding cobalt compounds.

Cold end

The last stage in glass-container production which consists of inspecting the containers for defects, labeling the containers, and packaging the containers for shipment.

Continuous Thread

An uninterrupted protruding helix on the neck of a container to hold a screw-type closure. Continuous thread finishes have GPI finish designations in the 400 series.

Crown Cap

This is a crimped closure. Flutes are pressed into the flaring skirt of a shallow metal disk, which holds an inner disk of resilient lining material that forms the actual seal.

Cullet 

Crushed recycled glass that is added to the glass furnace

Embossing

Raised design or lettering on the surface of the glass.

Etching

A method of frosting the surface of a glass bottle by exposing it to a solution of concentrated acid.

Fill volume (Fill point)

The level to which a container must be filled to furnish a designated quantity of the contents.

Flint glass

Flint glass is optical glass that has relatively high refractive index. The term flint derives from the flint nodules found in the chalk deposits of southeast England that were used as a source of high purity silica.

Frosting

A method of bottle decoration that gives the surface of the glass a frosted look. Frosting can be accomplished by decal labeling or by acid etching.

Gob 

A cylindrical mass of molten glass that is cut off as it extrudes from the furnace.  The gob is directed into the mold where it is shaped.

GPI 

Glass Packaging Institute – an American standards organization which helps set standards for bottle necks and closures.

Hot end 

The first stage of glass-container production which typically employs high amounts of heat to produce and shape a glass container.

Internal Treatment (dealkalization) 

A treatment to improve the chemical resistance of the inside surface, usually accomplished through the injection of a sulfuror fluorine containing gas mixture into bottles at high temperatures. The treatment renders the container more resistant to alkali extraction, which can cause increases in product pH, and in some cases container degradation.

Lehr 

A continuous-belt oven for the annealing of glass, and for fusing of ce- ramic color onto glass.

Lug cap

Interrupted thread finishes with the GPI finish number designations in the 2000 series. Lug caps are often used for jars and for ketchup bottles.

Metallized Closure

Plastic closures with a surface deposit of aluminum coated with lac- quers to render a decorative metallic effect.

Neck finish 

The configuration of a container top shaped to accommodate a closure.

Parison 

Preliminary form of the final container that is produced after the gob gets shaped in the first stage mold.

Pilferproof Seal

A seal that cannot be opened without partially destroying the cap or otherwise showing evidence of tampering.

Punt

The concave indentation at the bottom of a bottle - most commonly found on wine bottles.

Reshipper Carton

Shipping container in which empty unit containers are received and intended to be used as shipping containers for the product packaged in the unit containers.

ROPP cap

Rolled On Pilfer Proof cap

Sleeve Label

See Capsule

Soda-lime glass

See flint glass

Spray Coloration

A method of adding color to the surface of a bottle by spraying the surface and then baking the color into the glass. Spray coloration can be done in a multitude of colors, intensities and gradations.

Stelvin finish/closure

The Stelvin(R) neck finish can be found on some glass wine bottles. It is a screw thread finish designed to accomodate the Stelvin(R) closure, an aluminium cap with a tamper evident breakaway band. Offers prod- uct preservation, a modern look and practicality.

Tamper evidence 

A closure or liner system incorporating a feature that visually indicates if the closure has been removed or the product has been exposed. Removal of the closure or liner system activates the indicating feature.

Transfer Bead

A projecting bead on the outer surface of some glass containers, usu- ally just below the finish, to provide a surface of engagement for the jaws of handling devices during manufacture.

Type I glass

A borosilicate glass which releases the least amount of alkali. It is commonly used for pharmaceutical or fine chemical products that are sensitive to PH changes.

Type II glass

A soda lime glass (Type III) that has been de-alkalized by treating the interior surfaces to eat away the alkali on or near the glass surfaces. The undesirable characteristic of Glass is that the treating etches the surface, causing a frosted appearance.

Type III glass

A soda lime glass and the most common in use. Type III is compatible with most items: food, beverages, common chemicals, etc.

Shipping Acronums

EXW

Ex Works.  This is the cost at the vendor door. No shipping of any kind is included in the price.

FOB

Free On Board cost. This is the cost of the product on a vessel at the FOB location. It means that freight costs from the vendor to the vendor's port including all export duties and clearance fees have been paid.

CIF

Cost with Insurance and Freight. This is the cost of the product shipped to the CIF port (nearest to the customer), but it does not include import duty, customs clearance fees, or domestic shipping to the final location.

DDU

Delivery, Duties Unpaid. This the cost including door to door shipping, but not including import duties or customs clearance fees.

DDP

Delivery, Duties Paid. This the door-to-door cost of the product with everything included.